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Bishop's Stortford is a historic market town and civil parish in the district of East Hertfordshire in the county of Hertfordshire in England. It is just west of the M11 motorway on the county boundary with Essex, and is the closest large town to London Stansted Airport in the London commuter belt. Bishop's Stortford is 〔http://www.distance-calculator.co.uk/distances-for-kings_cross-to-bishops_stortford.htm〕 north east of Charing Cross in central London and from Liverpool Street station, the London terminus of the line to Cambridge that runs through the town. Bishop's Stortford has a population of 38,202. ==History== Nothing of significance is known of the Bishop's Stortford area until it became a small Roman settlement on the Roman road of Stane Street between Braughing and Colchester. After the Roman Empire broke down, the settlement was abandoned in the 5th century. A new Saxon settlement grew up on the site, named ''Steort-ford'', meaning "tail ford", "ford at tongues of land". In 1060, William, Bishop of London, bought the Stortford manor and estate for eight pounds, leading to the town's modern name. At the time of the ''Domesday Book'' the town had a population of around 120 inhabitants. The Normans built the motte-and-bailey wooden castle that is known as Waytemore Castle, but by the Tudor period it was in ruins (the mound still remains). Only the font survives from the Norman church of St Michael's, which was rebuilt in the early 15th century and altered and restored in the 17th and 19th centuries. Its belfry and spire which dominates the town and surrounding countryside were built in 1812. Despite outbreaks of the plague in the 16th and 17th centuries, the town continued to grow, with an approximate population of 1,200 by this point. The River Stort is named after the town, and not the town after the river. When cartographers visited the town in the 16th century, they reasoned that the town must have been named for the ford over the river and assumed the river was called the Stort.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.stortfordhistory.co.uk/guide11/stort-navigation/ )〕 After 1769, the River Stort was made navigable, and the town became a stagecoach stop on the mail coach road between Cambridge and London. By 1801, Bishop's Stortford was a market town, and a corn exchange had been established, while the main industry was malting. In 1842 the railway came to Bishop's Stortford; another introduction in the Victorian era was the opening of a hospital, in 1895. In 1901 the population was more than 7,000. The 1901 house known as Carfield Castle was used as an officers' billet in World War I. During World War II, Bishop's Stortford was the evacuation centre for many Britons, including Clapton Girls Technology College. By 1951, Bishop's Stortford's population had expanded to 13,000. Throughout the second half of the 20th century, Bishop's Stortford has seen further growth since it became a commuter town. The M11 motorway, Stansted Airport, and rail links to London and Cambridge have contributed to the growth of its population to around 35,000, as of the 2001 national census, and future growth is expected to increase the population to 45,000. Bishop's Stortford has six suburbs: Thorley, Thorley Park, Havers, Bishop's Park, St Michael's Mead and Hockerill. Hockerill is in a separate ecclesiastical parish comprising the area east of the River Stort, centred around the old coaching inns and All Saints' Church in Stansted Road and Bishop's Stortford Railway Station. Post-war development has enlarged the area to include the Parsonage Lane, Snowley and Collins Cross, and the Herts and Essex Hospital. Little Hallingbury and Takeley are within the ambit of Bishop's Stortford; they are in Essex not Hertfordshire. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bishop's Stortford」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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